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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Common cold ： ウィキペディア英語版 Common cold The common cold (also known as nasopharyngitis, rhinopharyngitis, acute coryza, head cold, or simply a cold) is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract which primarily affects the nose. Signs and symptoms include coughing, sore throat, runny nose, sneezing, and fever which usually resolve in seven to ten days, with some symptoms lasting up to three weeks. Well over 200 virus strains are implicated in the cause of the common cold; the rhinoviruses are the most common. Upper respiratory tract infections are loosely divided by the areas they affect, with the common cold primarily affecting the nose, the throat (pharyngitis), and the sinuses (sinusitis), occasionally involving either or both eyes via conjunctivitis. Symptoms are mostly due to the body's immune response to the infection rather than to tissue destruction by the viruses themselves. The primary method of prevention is by hand washing with some evidence to support the effectiveness of wearing face masks. The common cold may occasionally lead to pneumonia, either viral pneumonia or secondary bacterial pneumonia. No cure for the common cold exists, but the symptoms can be treated. It is the most frequent infectious disease in humans with the average adult getting two to three colds a year and the average child getting between six and twelve. These infections have been with humanity since ancient times. ==Signs and symptoms== The typical symptoms of a cold include a cough, a runny nose, nasal congestion and a sore throat, sometimes accompanied by muscle ache, fatigue, headache, and loss of appetite.〔Eccles p. 24〕 A sore throat is present in about 40% of the cases and a cough in about 50%,〔 while muscle ache occurs in about half.〔 In adults, a fever is generally not present but it is common in infants and young children. The cough is usually mild compared to that accompanying influenza.〔 While a cough and a fever indicate a higher likelihood of influenza in adults, a great deal of similarity exists between these two conditions.〔Eccles p. 26〕 A number of the viruses that cause the common cold may also result in asymptomatic infections.〔Eccles p. 129〕〔Eccles p. 50〕 The color of the sputum or nasal secretion may vary from clear to yellow to green and does not indicate the class of agent causing the infection.〔Eccles p. 30〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Common cold」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.